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Pharma Tech Outlook | Wednesday, September 22, 2021
AI and machine learning can save lives by accelerating new and improved treatments for disease.
FREMONT, CA: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are employed in various applications, ranging from image classification to autonomous driving. However, one area of AI research that remains untouched is using it for healthcare and medication discovery.
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Drug discovery and development have historically been highly dependent on luck and chance. Now, artificial intelligence (AI) can significantly increase the likelihood of identifying new commercially viable medication candidates.
However, the methods involved in drug discovery can be complex. Can AI and ML assist reduce some of the traditional bottlenecks, allowing for a faster introduction of new and more effective medications to patients?
Why Use AI in Drug Development?
The primary objective of drug discovery research is to uncover medications that have therapeutic effects on the body—in other words, that can aid in the prevention or treatment of a specific condition.
Although medications come in various forms, the majority are small chemically manufactured compounds that may bind selectively to a target molecule—typically a protein—involved in a disease.
Traditionally, researchers have searched enormous libraries of compounds for molecules with the potential to become drugs. They then subject this to multiple rounds of testing to refine it into a potential compound.
Recent years have seen an increase in the use of more logical structure-based drug design methodologies. These bypass the earliest screening stages but still require chemists to design, synthesize, and evaluate many molecules.
Since it is generally uncertain which chemical structures will have both the required biological effects and the qualities necessary to develop into an effective medicine, the process of refining a promising compound into a drug candidate can be both costly and time-consuming. According to recent data, the average cost of bringing a new medicine to market is now US$2.6 billion.
Additionally, even if a new medication candidate demonstrates promise in laboratory testing, it may fail in clinical trials. Indeed, less than 10 percent of therapeutic proposals get to Phase II studies.
Given this, it's unsurprising that specialists are increasingly looking to AI systems with various unmatched data processing capabilities to accelerate and lower the cost of drug discovery.
How Can AI Be Applied To Drug Development?
Due to the enormous size of the libraries used to screen for new drug candidates, it is nearly impossible for individual researchers to review everything - which is where AI and ML can help.
These sophisticated tools enable researchers to mine massive databases for hidden insights. Numerous advantages accrue from this action:
Predicting the qualities of a possible chemical ensures that only compounds with desirable features are chosen for synthesis, saving time and money by avoiding work on compounds with a low probability of effectiveness.
Generating concepts for unique compounds, where the 'created' molecule is anticipated to possess all of the desired qualities—a process that could significantly accelerate the development of effective new medications.
Eliminating the need for repeated processes such as histology image analysis—resulting in hundreds of person-hours saved in the laboratory.
These are only a few of the potential benefits when considering the early stages of the drug discovery process.
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